Dietetic Technician Practice Test

Why are folic acid requirements increased during pregnancy?

1. Deficiency causes glossitis

2. Helps prevent neural tube defects

3. Prevents pernicious anemia

4. Deficiency causes poor appetite

The correct answer is: Helps prevent neural tube defects

During pregnancy, the requirements for folic acid are increased primarily because it plays a crucial role in the prevention of neural tube defects. Neural tube defects are serious birth defects of the brain and spinal cord, such as spina bifida and anencephaly, which can occur in the early stages of fetal development. Folic acid is vital for DNA synthesis and cell division, processes that are particularly active during the rapid growth and development of the fetus. The increased need for folic acid during pregnancy reflects the body's demand for this essential nutrient to support not only the mother's health but also the healthy development of the unborn child. Adequate folic acid intake before conception and during early pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of these defects, which is why health authorities emphasize the importance of folic acid supplementation for women who are planning to conceive or are in the early stages of pregnancy. The other choices, while relevant to folic acid's functions, do not directly address the specific need during pregnancy. For example, while deficiency can lead to glossitis, pernicious anemia, or poor appetite, these are not the primary reasons for the increased requirements during this critical time.